While the officers and elite of the Han military became an influential power group in the government, at the same time a large segment of the Han military rank and file were "lowly elements" of the Han society.
#0 ad han dynasty professional
In a long historical perspective, the rise of a professional army under Han Wu-Ti changed the societal perception of the soldier (and the military). This created another class of professional or semi-professional troops that numbered at least 150,000 soldiers by 97 BC: ĭuring the time of Han Wu-Ti, people of low reputation and/or low economic class who were initially conscripted often stayed in the military as a way to advance their social and economic status. Similarly, careful accounts were kept of the official expenditure and distribution of supplies of payments made for officers' stipends or for the purchase of stores such as glue, grease, or cloth of the rations of grain and salt to which men and their families were entitled of the receipt of equipment and clothing by the men and of the equipment, weapons, and horses consigned to the care of the units. Accurate timekeeping was a feature of service life, as may be seen, for example, in the records of schedules for the delivery of mail of the observation of routine signals and of the passage of individuals through points of control. In the orderly rooms of the companies meticulous records were kept of the daily work on which men were engaged of the preparation, dispatch, and receipt of official mail of the regular tests in archery to which officers were subject and of the inspectors’ reports on the state of efficiency of sites and equipment. Officers arbitrated disputes between servicemen, who could plead for the recovery of debts. The efficiency of these garrisons was kept at a high professional standard. The difference between military colonies and agricultural colonies was that the former provided regular military service as well as grain, whereas the latter only provided grain and/or taxes. This land was often in the frontier itself, and created a self sustaining system where the soldiers and retired soldiers would be able to farm land that would produce the food that would feed their armies and local populace. These soldiers were stationed on the frontier and served in the military in return for a land allotment. Garrison troops and armies in the provinces and frontiers were often professional or semi-professional military colonists. Professional and Semi-Professional Armies During the Eastern Han period, commoners were allowed to commute military service by paying a scutage tax.
#0 ad han dynasty full
Those of ranks four to eight did not have to perform service in their locality and those of rank 9 and higher had full exemptions. Ĭertain nobles were exempt from military conscription. During Western Han times discharged conscripts could still be called up for training once a year but this practice was discontinued after 30 AD. After finishing their two years of service, the conscripts were discharged. Implementation of daily best practices was also highly dependent on each individual commander, with some like Li Guang eschewing administrative details while Cheng Buzhi always kept his men in tight formations. Conscripts were generally trained to arrange themselves in a formation five men deep, but actual practice on the battlefield could be flexible with some commanders preferring ranks of up to 10 men deep. A relatively small minority of these conscripts would also have served in the cavalry division in the north, which was primarily composed of volunteers from families of superior status, or water borne forces in the south. Conscripts trained for one year and then served for another year either on the frontier, in one of the provinces, or at the capital as guards. Some convicts could choose to commute their service by serving on the frontier. 87–74 BC), but returned to 20 afterwards. The minimum age was lowered to 20 after 155 BC, briefly raised to 23 again during the reign of Emperor Zhao of Han (r.
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Further information: Government of the Han dynastyĪt the start of the Han dynasty, male commoners were liable for conscription starting from the age of 23 until the age of 56.
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